My SIWES IT Technical Report

I'm moving all my intellectual properties online.

And today, I am sharing with the world my Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) Report.

Who knows, it might be of help to someone.

It's quite a lengthy doc, you know, it's a technical report.

So I will just share the Table of Contents and List of Figures, and the full doc too

Siwes it report from Michael Olafusi

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1: Nokia Siemens Networks Organizational chart..................................................4
Figure 2.1: Communication link between two telephones.....................................................5
Figure 2.2: A four-pair copper cable......................................................................................7
Figure 2.3: A typical coaxial cable.........................................................................................8
Figure 2.4: A typical optic fibre..............................................................................................9
Figure 2.5: Wireless communication links............................................................................10
Figure 3.1: Frequency allocation in the GSM 900 and GSM 1800 band..............................12
Figure 3.2: A mobile station..................................................................................................13
Figure 3.3: Time Division Multiple Access principle............................................................15
Figure 3.4: The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)..........................................................17
Figure 3.5: The Base Station Subsystem (BSS).....................................................................20
Figure 3.6: A diagramatic representation of the management function of the NMS.............23
Figure 3.7: Obanla trying to call Ajegunle.............................................................................23
Figure 3.8: The frequency reuse chart....................................................................................25
Figure 3.9: Synchronization of the mobile station with the network.....................................26
Figure 3.10: Channel request and allocation..........................................................................27
Figure 3.11: A summary of the GSM architecture.................................................................28
Figure 4.1: The SRA 4 unit.....................................................................................................31
Figure 4.2: Local Craft Terminal software.............................................................................31
Figure 4.3: The NetBuilder software......................................................................................32
Figure 4.4: On site testing of connectivity between two BTSs using the SRA 4 handset......32
Figure 4.5: The SRA 4 unit fully connected to the other network units.................................33
Figure 4.6: The coaxial cables connecting the indoor units to the outdoor units...................34
Figure 4.7: The coaxial cables entering into the BTS shelter.................................................34
Figure 4.8: An ODU...............................................................................................................35
Figure 4.9: An antenna with two ODUs closely attached......................................................35
Figure 4.10: The 6 – 13 GHz ODU........................................................................................36
Figure 4.11: The 15 – 38 GHz ODU.....................................................................................36
Figure 4.12: The different polarizations.................................................................................37
Figure 4.13: Directional high performance shielded antenna already installed......................38
Figure 4.14: Mutual impedance between parallel /2 dipoles not staggered. Curves Re and
Im are the resistive and reactive parts of the impedance.....................................39
Figure 4.15: The 21 pair twisted cables being made into E1 transmission lines....................41
Figure 4.16: The specialized crimper and clamp for fixing the E1 DB-32 connectors..........42
Figure 4.17: A general tool box..............................................................................................43
Figure 4.18: The Digital Distribution Frame (DDF)..............................................................44
Figure 4.19: The Multiplexer (Surpass HiT 7070, under testing)..........................................45
Figure 4.20: The Synchronous Radio Access XL (SRA XL)................................................46


LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: GSM 900 frequency channels............................................................................13
Table 3.2: GSM 1800 frequency channels..........................................................................14
Table 4.1: The standard frequency allocation table............................................................29


TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION...........................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABLES.....................................................................................................................vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................vii
1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................1
1.1 NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS …........................................................................2
1.1.1 BRIEF HISTORY AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE............2
1.1.2 ORGANIZATIONAL CHART..............................................................3
2.0 TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS.................................................................................5
2.1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRANSMISSION MEDIA.......................................6
2.1.1 COPPER.................................................................................................7
2.1.2 COAXIAL CABLES..............................................................................8
2.1.3 OPTIC FIBRES......................................................................................8
2.1.4 WIRELESS (ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES)...................................9
3.0 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS (GSM).................................11
3.1 GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE....................................................................16
3.2 NETWORK SWITCHING SUBSYSTEM (NSS)..................................................16
3.2.1 MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)........................17
3.2.2 VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR)..........................................18
3.2.3 HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)..............................................18
3.2.4 AUTHENTICATION CENTRE (AU).................................................18
3.2.5 EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)......................................19
3.3 BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS).................................................................19
3.3.1 BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)............................................20
3.3.2 BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS)...........................................20
3.3.3 TRANSCODER (TC)...........................................................................21
vii
3.4 NETWORK MANAGEMENT SUBSYSTEM (NMS)........................................22
3.5 PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION...........................................................................23
4.0 BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION RADIO ACCESS LINK..........................................29
4.1 THE SYNCHRONOUS RADIO ACCESS STM-4 (SRA 4) UNIT....................30
4.2 THE COAXIAL CABLE.....................................................................................33
4.3 THE OUTDOOR FREQUENCY CONVERTER AND SIGNAL AMPLIFIER
UNIT (ODU)........................................................................................................35
4.4 DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA...............................................................................37
4.5 TWISTED PAIR COPPER CABLE....................................................................41
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION................................................................47
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................48